Besides TLRs, NODs are innate immunity receptors also, however they intracellularly are localized. upregulated Bikinin by excitement with NOD1-particular ligand, however, not with NOD2-particular ligand. CINC-2 and CCL20 production by stimulation with NOD1-particular ligand was decreased by p38 AP-1 and MAPK signaling inhibitors. Furthermore, the reporter assay proven AP-1 activation in NOD1-particular ligand-stimulated KN-3 cells. … Continue reading Besides TLRs, NODs are innate immunity receptors also, however they intracellularly are localized